Typewriting and like machine



Sept. 2, 1941. R. s. THOMPSON TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed Nov. 17, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 THOMPSON Sept. 2, 1941.

R. G. THOMPSON TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed Nov. 17, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 N m WM @M a y w m S Momma P 1941- R. s. THOMPSON 2,254,921

TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed Nov. 17, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 fil/SJELL e. THOMPSON Sept. 2, 1941. R. e. THOMPSON TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fi led Nov. 17, 1959 Sept 2, 1941- R. G. THOMPSON 2,254,921

TYPEWRITII IG AND LIKE MACHINE I Fileci Ndv; 17, 1939 S Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Sept. 2, 1941 UNITED STATES TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Russell G. Thompson, Elmira, N. Y., assignor to Remington Rand Inc., Buffalo, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application November 17, 1939,Serial No. 304,988

4. Claims.

My invention relates to typewriting and like machines, and more particularly to improved a ribbon feeding mechanism for such machines.

The main object of my invention, generally stated, is to provide improved means of the character specified which is simple, reliable and highly effective in operation.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved means for preventing unnecessary and undesirable feed of the ribbon in a typewriting machine.

A still further object of my invention is to provide improved means for preventing feed of the ribbon during free movements of the carriage under control of either the tabulator or carriage release mechanism in a typewriting machine wherein the ribbon feeding mechanism is driven by movement of the carriage in a letter space direction.

To the above and other ends which will hereinafter appear, my invention consists in the features of construction, arrangements of parts and combinations of devices set forth in the following description and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate corresponding parts in the different views:

Fig. 1 is a transverse, vertical, sectional View taken through the central portion of a typewriting machine and illustrating only a sufficient number of parts thereof to show my invention in its embodiment therein. I

Fig. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, fore and aft, vertical sectional view of the same taken on line 22 of Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at said line.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary, fore and aft, vertical sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at said line.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary, horizontal sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at said line.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but with certain parts shown in a different operated position.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary, perspective view showing various details of the construction shown in the above mentioned views.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view showing a portion of the escapement mechanism.

I have shown my invention embodied in the present instance in 2. Remington Model No. 17

the invention may be readily incorporated with but few changes in the existing structure. However, it is to be understood that my invention is not restricted to embodiment in such machines but may be employed in various other types of typewriting and like machines wherever found available.

The drawings show only so much of the construction of the Remington Model No. 17 machine as is necessary to arrive at an understanding of the present invention in its embodiment therein.

In this machine, many of the parts, including the type actions, key levers and various other related mechanisms are mounted in a removable chassis formed by side plates II! which are rigidly connected by cross members which are not shown in the drawings. This chassis is removably mounted within an exterior frame or casing which includes a U-shaped member having side portions l2, which, as may be seen in Fig. 1, extend along the side plates it of the chassis in spaced relation thereto, and the rearward end portions of these side portions 12 are rigidly interconnected by suitable cross members, such as the rear cross member l3 shown in part in Fig. 1. The detailed construction of the chassis and the exterior frame together with the means for removably holding the chassis securely within the exterior frame are fully disclosed in my companion application filed July 26, 1940, Serial No. 347,677.

The carriage in the present machine is removably mounted on the rear upper portion of the side members IQ of the exterior frame. Thus, as may be seen in Figs. 1 and 2, a stationary carriage guide member [5 is removably mounted on the side members 12 of the exterior frame by means which have not been shown, and a traveling carriage frame it is mounted by crossed anti-friction rollers I! on the supporting member i5 for movement transversely of the machine in the usual manner. The traveling carriage frame member 16 is provided with carriage end plates l8, and a platen 20 is mounted to turn therein in the usual manner.

The carriage thus mounted for movement transversely of the machine is impelled in a letter spacing direction from right to left by a spring drum 2i. This drum is mounted to turn about the axis of a shaft 25 carried by the rear cross member l3 of the exterior frame and supported at its front end by a bracket 21 secured at 28 to the rear cross member IS. The spring typewriting machine, in which the features of drum 24 includes the usual spiral internal spring (not shown) which exerts a force tending to turn the drum 24 in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1, and the drum is operatively connected to the carriage by a flexible tape which extends around the periphery of the drum. Thus, one end of the tape 39 is anchored to the spring drum while the other end is provided with a connecting piece 3| which is detachably connected to an arm 32 secured to the right hand carriage end plate [8. The spring drum 24 is thus turned in a counterclockwise direction to move the carriage in a letter spacing direction from right to left of the machine, and a return movement of the carriage accordingly effects a reverse or clockwise turning movement of the drum through the tape 39.

The movement of the carriage in a letter spacing direction from right to left is controlled by an escapement mechanism which as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 includes a feed rack 35 rigidly secured to the carriage end plates 18 to be constantly in mesh with a feed pinion 38. This feed pinion is mounted to turn on a bearing screw 39 carried by a bracket 4| which is secured at 52 to the rear cross member frame. A tooth escapement wheel is formed integral with the feed pinion 38, and a feed dog il normally coacts with the escapement wheel 85 to prevent rotation thereof under the force of the carriage spring drum.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and '7, it will be seen that the feed dog 41 is pivotally mounted at 43 on the upper end of an arm 49 which is in turn pivotally mounted at 50 on a dog rocker 5|. A

contractile spring 52 acting on a depending arm of the dog M resiliently holds the free end of the dog in its upper position where it engages and holds one 'of the teeth of the escapement wheel. The dog rocker 51 is pivotally mounted at 53 (see Fig. 1) between extensions 54 of the bracket ii, and the usual connections (not shown) are provided between the dog rocker 5| and the universal bar on the type bar segment as well as with the space key mechanism whereby the dog rocker is actuated upon each operation 1 of a printing key or the space key. Actuation of the dog rocker 5| moves the normally engaged dog 51 transversely of the escapement wheel to a position releasing the escapement wheel for movement under the force of the spring drum so that an oncoming tooth of the escapement wheel engages a holding dog formed by a portion 54* (see Fig. 7) of the dog rocker 5i, and when the dog rocker returns to its illustrated normal position this tooth. of the escapement wheel engages the pivoted dog 41 to arrest movement of the carriage in the usual manner.

The present machine also includes mechanism mounted on the carriage which is manually operable to free the carriage from control of its escapement mechanism and afford free movement of the carriage in a letter space direction. This manual release mechanism includes release levers 5i), as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, one mounted at each end of the carriage on respective end portions of a rock shaft 6| which is supported in bearing openings in the carriage end plates i8. A bail 63 is secured to the rock shaft 61 and this bail is formed in the present instance by a sheet metal strip or vane extending throughout the central portion of the rock shaft SI and suitably attached thereto, as by welding. A coil spring 64 is provided around the right hand end portion of the rock shaft 61 as shown in Fig. I and coact's between the bail B3 and the l3 of the exterior right hand carriage end plate [3 to resiliently hold the bail, rock shaft and carriage release levers in their illustrated normal position.

The lower edge of the ball 63 coacts with a roller 68, which as shown in Fig. 2, is pivotally mounted at 69 at the upper end of an arm 18. Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 6, it may be seen that the arm 19 is provided with lateral extending portions forming a yoke H by which it is mount-- ed to turn on a shaft 12. The shaft 12 is carried by a bracket 73 secured at M (see Fig. 1) to the rear cross member l3 of the exterior frame. The arm 76 is resiliently held in its normal position where the roller 68 is disposed in cooperative relation with the bail 63 by a contractile spring l8. Said spring extends between a depending portion ll of the yoke H and a rearwardly extending portion 78 (see Fig. 6) of a yoke 86 which is also mounted to turn on the shaft 2 for purposes which will later be described. The yoke 8%) is in turn resiliently held in its normal position by a contractile spring 82 extending between a pin 83 on the yoke and a rod 84 carried by the bracket 13, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 6, it will be seen that the arm 70 is provided with a rearwardly extending portion 83 which normally overlies the central portion of the pivoted feed dog 4?. Thus, a rocking movement of the arm 10 around the shaft 72 causes a downward pivotal movement of the dog s'i against the force of the spring 52 to a position where the free end of the dog is out of the path of the teeth of the escapement wheel 55. It will now be clear that manual operation of either of the carriage release lever 60 will move the bail 63 rearward against the force of the spring 83, thereby engaging the roller 68 to move the arm H1 about the shaft 12 and release the carriage for free movement in a letter spacing direction. Inasmuch as the ball 63 is sufficiently long to ooact with the roller 68 reregardless of the position of the carriage, it will be clear that the present arrangement is operative to release the normally engaged escapement dog 4'! with equal facility at any position of the carriage.

The usual tabulator mechanism provided in the present machine also includes means for releasing the carriage for movement in a letter spaced direction. This tabulator mechanism includes the usual tabulator key or keys at the key board of the machine and supported at the forward end of associated levers pivotally mounted intermediate of the machine, but the showing of these keys and levers has been omitted from the drawings. It is to be understood, however. that these tabulator keys and levers may be of the usual construction arranged so that each key lever affords a rearward movement of an associated link shown in Fig. 2. Each of the links 90 is connected at its rearward end, at 9| to a companion bell crank 92 which is mounted to turn on a pivot rod 93 carried by a portion 94 of the chassis frame. The rearward portion of each of the cranks 92 is provided with an adjustable screw 95 which operatively connects it with the lower end of a companion tabulator stop plunger 96 which is arranged in an associated guide slot 96 (Figs. 2 and 8) in the lower portion of the bracket i3. There are two of these tabulator stop plungers 95 shown in Fig. 1, but it is to be understood that the machine may be equipped with only one or with more of these plungers as may be required for the particular tabulating operations desired.

The upper end portion of each of the stop plungers 95 is guided by an associated slot in the edges of guide bars 98 secured to the rear cross member I3 of the exterior frame. Thus, each of the stop plungers 96 may be moved upward by a depression of the associated tabulator key to position the upper end of the plunger into the path of travel of a downwardly projected carriage carried column stop I 00. I may be of the usual construction arranged at letter space intervals on a stop bar I0! mounted on the carriage in the usual manner.

The stop bar I0! is arranged to hold each of the stops I00 either in its normal ineffective position as shown in Fig. 2 or to allow one or more of the stops to be projected downward to a position where it may coact with any of the elevated stop plungers 96 mounted on the frame of the machine to arrest movement of the carriage in a letter space direction.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 2 and 6 it will be seen that each of the tabulator stop plungers 95 is provided with a forward extending portion I05 which is engaged by the lower edge of the yoke 80 under the force of the spring 82, and accordingly when any one of the stop plungers 95 is operated upward by a depression of the associated tabulator key, the yoke 80 is turned in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2 about the shaft I2. The right hand arm of the yoke 80 is provided with a downwardly extending lug portion I06 (see Figs. 2 and 6) which coacts with a downwardly extending lug I6? on the yoke II. Thus, as the yoke 80 is rocked by depression of a tabulator key, the lug I05 engages and operates the lug I0! to rock the arm I5 about the shaft I2, thereby moving the extension 83 downward to release the holding dog 41 from the escapement wheel and free the carriage for movement in a letter space direction as previously pointed out. It will be noted in Figs. 2 and 6 that the extension I0I normally engages a lateral extension H0 at the right hand side of the bracket I3 and accordingly limits the return movement of the yoke II to normal position under the force of the spring '56.

The feeding mechanism for the inking ribbon in the present machine is driven by the turning movement of the spring drum 24, and is arranged so that the ribbon is fed intermittently past the printing point as the spring drum is turned in a counter-clockwise direction as shown in Fig. 1, to impel the carriage in its step by step movement from left to right of the machine for the spacing of written characters. Thus as will be seen in Figs. 1 and 3, a ring gear 5 is fixedly secured to the front face of the spring drum 25 in any suitable manner, such .as by spot welding, and the ring gear II5 normally meshes with a smaller pinion gear H5. Said pinion gear is mounted to turn freely on the rear end portion of a shaft II! which extends fore and aft of the machine in the space between the left hand chassis side plate I0 and the left hand side portion I2 of the exterior frame, as shown in Fig. l.

The rear end portion of the shaft I I! is mounted to turn in a U-shaped bracket member I which is pivotally supported by a screw I2I on an inwardly extending portion I22 of the left hand side portion I2 of the exterior frame. The front end of the shaft II? is supported by a bearing plate I24 which is secured at I25 to a These stops bracket member I26 which is in turn secured by means, not shown, to the side portion I2 of the exterior frame. The bracket member I20 is resiliently held in a position shown in Fig. 1, wherein the pinion gear H5 meshes properly with the ring gear H5, by a contractile spring I28 connecting the upper portion of the member I20 with a lug I29 on the bracket 21.

In order to insure proper meshed relation between the pinion gear II5 and the ring gear II5, an adjustable stop means is provided for limiting the movement of the bracket member I20 under the force of the spring I28. This adjustable stop means is provided in the present instance by a stop screw I32 threaded into a tapped opening in an extension I33 of the bracket 2'! (see Fig. 1), and the end of this stop screw I32 engages an upstanding lug I34 on the U- shaped bearing member I20 to limit the inward movement thereof under the force of the spring A one-way driving connection is provided between the pinion gear IIB and the shaft II! in order that the shaft will be turned only during the travel of the carriage in a letter space direction. Referring to Fig. 3, it will be seen that this driving connection is generally of the usual construction including a disc I36 having a hub portion secured at I3'I to the shaft III, which disc carries a pawl I38 pivoted thereon at'I39.

A spring M0 acts to resiliently hold the free end of the pawl I33 in cooperative relation with ratchet teeth MI formed on the front end of the hub portion of the pinion gear II6, whereby turning movement of the gear IIE in one directiononly is transmitted'to the shaft III. In order to prevent reverse rotation of the shaft IE7 when the gear H6 is turned in the other direction, a second pawl I43 is pivoted at IM on the bearing member I20, and a spring I45 resiliently holds the free end of this pawl I43 in cooperative relation with ratchet teeth I46 formed on the hub portion of the disc I36 which is secured to the shaft H I. Thus, it will be clear that this arrangement causes the shaft II! to be driven by the pinion gear IIE when it is turned by the spring drum during the travel of the carriage in a letter spacing direction but allows the pinion gear to turn freely on the shaft iI'I during the reverse rotation of the spring drum at which time a reverse rotation of the shaft II! is prevented by the pawl I43 and ratchet teeth I46.

The front end of the shaft I I! is provided with a beveled pinion gear I50 secured thereto at I5! to mesh with a beveled gear wheel I52 mounted to turn freely on a headed pivot screw (not shown) carried by the upper end of the bracket I26 which is secured to the side portion I2 of the exterior frame, as previously pointed out. The parts of the ribbon driving mechanism thus far described are all mounted on and carried by the exterior frame of the machine while the ribbon itself and the remainder of the ribbon feeding mechanism is mounted on and carried by the removable chassis. Accordingly connecting means are provided between the gear Wheel I 52 and th ribbon feeding mechanism mounted on the removable chassis which permits the chassis to be readily removed from the exterior frame.

This connecting means is provided in the present instance by a pin I54 secured to the gear wheel I52 to extend inwardly therefrom, and this pin normally enters a bifurcation I55 in an arm I55 which is fixedly secured to the extrem left hand end portion of a shiftable ribbon drive shaft I51. The shaft I51 extends transversely of the machine in axial alignment with the axis of the gear wheel I52, and is mounted on and carried by the removable chassis in bearing openings provided in each of the end plates It. In this manner, the ribbon driving mechanism carried by the external frame is operatively connected to the shaft [51 through the pin I54 and bifurcated arm I56 when the chassis is in normal position, but the bifurcation I55 in the arm I56 permits the chassis to be lifted upward and forward out of the exterior frame and to be readily replaced therein.

The portion of the ribbon feeding mechanism mounted on the removabl chassis and controlled by the shiftable drive shaft I51 is not modified by the devices of the present invention, and for a detailed disclosure of this mechanism, reference is made to my co-pending application filed September 29, 1939, Serial No. 297,135. However, this mechanism may be generally described as including a ribbon spool shaft at each side of the chassis, only the left hand spool shaft I50 being shown in the drawings, but it will be understood that the right hand spool shaft may be arranged in a substantially identical manner at the other side of the chassis. Each of the spool shafts I60 is mounted to turn in a companion bracket IilI secured to the associated side plat It of the chassis, and a ribbon spool I62 carrying an inking ribbon I63 is removably mounted on the upper end of each of the spool shafts.

The ribbon drive shaft I51 has a beveled gear I65 secured to the left hand portion thereof which may be moved into meshed relation with a beveled gear I66 secured to the lower end of the left hand ribbon spool shaft I68. It will be understood that a beveled gear similar to I65 is also provided at the right hand portion of the drive shaft I51 which may be moved into meshed relation with a beveled gear similar to I66 which is secured to the lower end of the right hand ribbon spool shaft. fhus, the shiftable ribbon drive shaft I51 is driven by the spring drum 24 during the intermittent letter spacing movements of the carriage, and the shaft I51 may be selectively positioned to drive either the right hand or the left hand ribbon spool shaft to accordingly feed the ribbon I63 in on direction or the other past the printing point in the usual manner.

Means are provided in accordance with the present invention for preventing unnecessary and undesirable feeding of the ribbon such as ordinarily occurs during free movements of th carriage in a letter spacing direction afforded by a depression of a carriage release key or an operation of the tabulator mechanism. This result is accomplished in the present instance by a very simple yet highly efiective mechanism for moving the pinion gear H6 out of cooperative relation with the spring drum ring gear II5 whenever the normally engaged escapement dog 41 is moved downward out of the path of the teeth of the escapement wheel to afford a free movement of the carriage in a letter spacing direction.

The specific means, best shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 6 of the accompanying drawings, for obtaining this result includes an extension or arm I10 (see Fig. 6) secured at I1I to the arm 1!) which is rocked by the carriage release mechanism or the tabulator mechanism to disengage the pivoted dog 41 from the teeth of the escapement wheel 45. An adjustable operating connection is proded at the free end of the arm I10 by a screw I'Iil threaded in a tapped opening therein and locked in its adjusted position by a nut I12. The lower end of the screw I1Il is arranged to engage and operate the horizontal arm of a bell crank I13 which is pivotally mounted at I14 on an extension I15 of the stationary bracket 21, The depending arm of the bell crank I13 is pivotally connected at its lower end at I11 to a link I18, which link is bifurcated at its other end to straddle a reduced portion of a lug I86 extending inwardly from the central portion of the front arm of the U-shaped bracket I20, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

Referring to Fig. 4, it will be seen that the bearing openin s in the U-shaped bracket I which receive the shaft II1 are elongated horizontally to permit a slight shift in the alignment of the shaft II1 with relation to the bracket I253. The opening in the bearing plate I24 which receives the other end of the shaft H1 is also slightly enlarged, and this mounting of the shaft II1 allows a pivotal movement of the U-shaped bracket I26 about the axis of the screw IZI to move the pinion I56 from its position shown in Fig. 4, wherein it is in meshed relation with the ring gear H5, to its position shown in Fig. 5 wheren the teeth of the pinion Q It are entirely free from the path of movement of the teeth of the ring gear I I5. In other words, the elongated holes in the bracket I20 and bearing member I2 5 allow the rear end of the shaft i I1 to be swung in an are substantially about its bearing in the plate I24 by a pivotal movement of the bracket I20.

It will now be apparent that whenever the arm 19 is rocked about the shaft 12 to free the carriage from control of its escapement mechanism for movement in a letter space direction, the arm iii: will operate the bell crank I13 to rock the U-shaped bracket I29 about its pivot I2I through the link I18 thereby moving the pinion gear H6 out of meshed relation with the spring drum ring gear IE5. Thus, whenever either the carriage release lever or the tabulator mechanism is opera-ted to afford a free movement of the carria e in a letter space direction, the ribbon feeding mechanism is rendered inoperative. In this manner, the ribbon is fed only during the intermittent letter spacing movements of the carriage for the spacing of written characters, and unwarranted and undesirable feed of the ribbon prevented during the free run of the carriage in a letter spacing direction during which characters are not being written.

It will be seen that I have thus provided a very simple yet highly effective and reliable means for preventing unnecessary and unwarranted longitudinal feed of the ribbon. In the present instance, a free movement of the carriage in a letter spacing direction is afforded by operating either the carriage release or the tabulator key. but the release of the carriage is ultimately effected by an actuation of the same part of the mechanism regardless of whether such release is caused by an operation of the carriage release key or by an operation of the tabulatcr key. I have thus attained a highly desirable result with a Very simple mechanism by employing this part of the mechanism which ultimately releases the carriage to control the mechanism for interrupting the feed of the ribbon.

A further important feature of my invention is the simpie and reliable means provided for interrupting the feed of the ribbon, which means operates to merely move the pinion gear H6 out of meshed relation with its driving gear on the spring drum, thereby providing a disconnecting means without materially increasng the number of parts otherwse required in the usual ribbon feeding mechanism.

Various changes may be made in the construction and certain features thereof may be omitted Without departing from my invention as it is defined in the accompanying claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, a spring drum therefor, an escapement wheel operatively connected with said carriage, a movable dog rocker, a releasable feed dog pivotally mounted on said dog rocker in cooperative relation with said escapement wheel to normally hold said carriage against movement under the force of said spring drum, a releasing member for pivotally moving said feed dog relative to said dog rocker to a position out of cooperative relation with said escapement wheel, carriage release keys mounted on said carriage, a bail operatively connected with said release keys and extending longitudinally of the carriage for operating said releasing member, ribbon feeding mechanism including a shaft operatively connected with said spring drum, and means operated by said releasing member for moving said shaft out of operative connection with said spring drum.

2. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, a spring drum therefor, escapement mechanism for the carriage including an escapement wheel, a dog rocker, a feed dog mounted for pivotal movement on said dog rocker into and out of cooperative relation with said escapement wheel, a releasing member cooperative with said feed dog to cause said pivotal movement thereof out of cooperative relation with the escapement wheel, tabulator mechanism, means controlled by said tabulator mechanism for operating said releasing member,

ribbon feeding mechanism including a shaft operatively connected with said spring drum, and means operated by said releasing member for moving said shaft out of cooperative connection with said spring drum.

3. In a typewri-ting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism for the carriage including an escapement wheel and. pivoted dog rocker cooperative therewith, a feed dog pivotally mounted on said dog rocker for movement therewith intoand out of cooperative relation with said escapement wheel, a pivoted releasing member operative to cause a pivotal movement of said feed dog relative to said dog rocker to a position releasing said escapement wheel, carriage releasing means mounted on the carriage and operative to actuate said releasing member, key con-trolled tabulator stops, a pivoted controlling member operative by each of said tabulator stops to actuate said releasing member, ribbon feeding mechanism actuated by movement of the carriage, and means operated by said releasing member for rendering said ribbon feeding mechanism inoperative.

4. In a typewriting or like machine the combination of a carriage, a spring drum therefor, escapement mechanism for the carriage, carriage releasing means, tabulator mechanism, a releasing member operative by said carriage releasing means and by said tabulator mechanism to free said carriage from control by said escapement mechanism, ribbon feeding mechanism including a shaft disposed substantially parallel Withthe axis of said spring drum, a gear on said spring drum, a gear on said shaft normally meshing with said gear on the spring drum, a fixed bearing for said shaft spaced from said gear thereon, and means operated by said releasing member for moving said shaft transversely of its length and substantially about said fixed bearing to disengage said gear on the shaft from said gear on the spring drum.

RUSSELL G. THOMPSON. 

